MEDIEVAL INDIA-1

 MEDIEVAL INDIA(800AD - 1600AD)

The meaning of the term medieval means 'resembling or likened to the Middle Ages, especially in being cruel, uncivilized, or primitive'. Thus, the term medieval is no where appropriate to be used in context with the history of India. There was no of such 'sudden' development after the end of medieval period, but actually we where deteriorating years after years due to Britishers. It is for no surprise to me when I got to know that this classification was introduced by the Britishers, but I was astounded by the fact that many historians in India also use this term with no reluctance. Some historians(including our NCERT book) showed passive resistance towards this but continued to use the term in their textbooks. I have got no person who has actually came up with a term, which can  replace the term 'medieval' from our Indian history. There was no such thing that happened during the beginning of medieval India, the term medieval was actually justifying for the Europe where the imperial rule of roman empire ended. As of India, it is hard to divide Indian history on the basis of development. Its enough for the discussion of the term  'medieval'. Lets move further towards understanding the empires during the medieval times.

During the starting of medieval period, small regional empires were ruling India except from the chalukyas which ruling until the rashtrakutas take their region.

RASHTRAKUTA DYNASTY

The empire was established when Dantidurga(ruler of elichipur clan who was a feudatory of Chalukyas) overthrow the chalukya king Kirtivaman. The early kings of this dynasty were influenced by Hinduism whereas the later kings were influenced by Jainism. This dynasty never get the time to settle down due to expansion and invasion by the palas and the paramaras. During this period, Kannada was given the same respect as Sanskrit. They mostly settled around the Maharashtra and Karnataka region.

PALA DYNASTY

When Shashank's kingdom fall, the Bengal was in a state of anarchy. Gopala(the first ruler of the dynasty) was elected as the ruler and he established the Pala dynasty. His son Dharmapala expanded his empire. He captured kannauj and a large portion of northern India. But soon, the Pratihara king annexed kannauj. Later, Dharmapala was succeeded by his son Devpala(most powerful Pala king). Soon after the death of Devpala, the empire started to decline. After annexation by weak rulers, the empire was overthrown. Ramapala was the last Pala king.

GURJARA-PRATIHARA DYNASTY

Under Nagabhatta II, it was the most powerful dynasty in the northern India. Under Mahendrapala I the empire reached the peak of its prosperity. During that time they were called the Maharajadhiraja of Aryavratta. Their last ruler Rajyapal was driven down from Kannauj by Mahmud of Ghazni.

CHOLA DYNASTY

This dynasty is one of the world's longest ruling dynasty as it started ruling from 3rd century BC and continued to rule up to 13th century AD. However, this dynasty controlled a large territory only between 9th century to 12th century. This empire expanded under Rajaraja Chola. To the south thee empire stretched till the Maldives. Chola were the first one to bring the whole south under one territory.

They declines due to the rise of Pandian empire.

PALLAVA DYNASTY

It is not clear whether who is the founder of Pallava dynasty. Mahendravarman I is considered to to be the greatest ruler of Pallava dynasty. Shore temple at mahabalipuram was constructed during the Pallava rule.

RAJPUT RULARS

CHANDELA DYNASTY

They were the feudatories of Gurjara Pratiharas.Nannuka was the founder of the Chandela dynasty. They ruled mostly at Bundelkhand area. The famous Khajuraho temple was built by Chandelas.

PARAMARA DYNASTY

Upendra is regarded as the founder of Paramara dynasty. Under king Bhoja, a new city named Bhojpur was established. They are also called the Pawar dynasty.

SOLANKI DYNASTY

They mostly ruled around the Gujarat region. During the reign of Bhima I, Mahmud Ghazni attacked the holy Somnath temple for the sake of money. For him, the Somnath temple may be just a building with precious gems, but for the hindus, it is the most sacred Shiva temple. I feel pity for the barbarian, who have disgraced Lord Shiva, just for a materialistic thing such as gems.  

GAHADAVALA DYNASTY

They ruled around the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar region. Their capital was Kannauj. According to Chandrabardai's texts, the Gahadavala king Jaichanda had supported Mohammad Ghori in the battle of Tarain but later, Ghori attacked the Gahadavalas and diminished them.

CHAUHAN DYNASTY

They are also known as Chahamanas of Shakambhari. They rules from 6th century to 12th century.

They were defeated in the second battle of Tarain. 

 MEDIEVAL INDIA(800AD - 1600AD)

The meaning of the term medieval means 'resembling or likened to the Middle Ages, especially in being cruel, uncivilized, or primitive'. Thus, the term medieval is no where appropriate to be used in context with the history of India. There was no of such 'sudden' development after the end of medieval period, but actually we where deteriorating years after years due to Britishers. It is for no surprise to me when I got to know that this classification was introduced by the Britishers, but I was astounded by the fact that many historians in India also use this term with no reluctance. Some historians(including our NCERT book) showed passive resistance towards this but continued to use the term in their textbooks. I have got no person who has actually came up with a term, which can  replace the term 'medieval' from our Indian history. There was no such thing that happened during the beginning of medieval India, the term medieval was actually justifying for the Europe where the imperial rule of roman empire ended. As of India, it is hard to divide Indian history on the basis of development. Its enough for the discussion of the term  'medieval'. Lets move further towards understanding the empires during the medieval times.

During the starting of medieval period, small regional empires were ruling India except from the chalukyas which ruling until the rashtrakutas take their region.

RASHTRAKUTA DYNASTY

The empire was established when Dantidurga(ruler of elichipur clan who was a feudatory of Chalukyas) overthrow the chalukya king Kirtivaman. The early kings of this dynasty were influenced by Hinduism whereas the later kings were influenced by Jainism. This dynasty never get the time to settle down due to expansion and invasion by the palas and the paramaras. During this period, Kannada was given the same respect as Sanskrit. They mostly settled around the Maharashtra and Karnataka region.

PALA DYNASTY

When Shashank's kingdom fall, the Bengal was in a state of anarchy. Gopala(the first ruler of the dynasty) was elected as the ruler and he established the Pala dynasty. His son Dharmapala expanded his empire. He captured kannauj and a large portion of northern India. But soon, the Pratihara king annexed kannauj. Later, Dharmapala was succeeded by his son Devpala(most powerful Pala king). Soon after the death of Devpala, the empire started to decline. After annexation by weak rulers, the empire was overthrown. Ramapala was the last Pala king.

GURJARA-PRATIHARA DYNASTY

Under Nagabhatta II, it was the most powerful dynasty in the northern India. Under Mahendrapala I the empire reached the peak of its prosperity. During that time they were called the Maharajadhiraja of Aryavratta. Their last ruler Rajyapal was driven down from Kannauj by Mahmud of Ghazni.

CHOLA DYNASTY

This dynasty is one of the world's longest ruling dynasty as it started ruling from 3rd century BC and continued to rule up to 13th century AD. However, this dynasty controlled a large territory only between 9th century to 12th century. This empire expanded under Rajaraja Chola. To the south thee empire stretched till the Maldives. Chola were the first one to bring the whole south under one territory.

They declines due to the rise of Pandian empire.

PALLAVA DYNASTY

It is not clear whether who is the founder of Pallava dynasty. Mahendravarman I is considered to to be the greatest ruler of Pallava dynasty. Shore temple at mahabalipuram was constructed during the Pallava rule.

RAJPUT RULARS

CHANDELA DYNASTY

They were the feudatories of Gurjara Pratiharas.Nannuka was the founder of the Chandela dynasty. They ruled mostly at Bundelkhand area. The famous Khajuraho temple was built by Chandelas.

PARAMARA DYNASTY

Upendra is regarded as the founder of Paramara dynasty. Under king Bhoja, a new city named Bhojpur was established. They are also called the Pawar dynasty.

SOLANKI DYNASTY

They mostly ruled around the Gujarat region. During the reign of Bhima I, Mahmud Ghazni attacked the holy Somnath temple for the sake of money. For him, the Somnath temple may be just a building with precious gems, but for the hindus, it is the most sacred Shiva temple. I feel pity for the barbarian, who have disgraced Lord Shiva, just for a materialistic thing such as gems.  

GAHADAVALA DYNASTY

They ruled around the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar region. Their capital was Kannauj. According to Chandrabardai's texts, the Gahadavala king Jaichanda had supported Mohammad Ghori in the battle of Tarain but later, Ghori attacked the Gahadavalas and diminished them.

CHAUHAN DYNASTY

They are also known as Chahamanas of Shakambhari. They rules from 6th century to 12th century.

They were defeated in the second battle of Tarain. 

 MEDIEVAL INDIA(800AD - 1600AD)

The meaning of the term medieval means 'resembling or likened to the Middle Ages, especially in being cruel, uncivilized, or primitive'. Thus, the term medieval is no where appropriate to be used in context with the history of India. There was no of such 'sudden' development after the end of medieval period, but actually we where deteriorating years after years due to Britishers. It is for no surprise to me when I got to know that this classification was introduced by the Britishers, but I was astounded by the fact that many historians in India also use this term with no reluctance. Some historians(including our NCERT book) showed passive resistance towards this but continued to use the term in their textbooks. I have got no person who has actually came up with a term, which can  replace the term 'medieval' from our Indian history. There was no such thing that happened during the beginning of medieval India, the term medieval was actually justifying for the Europe where the imperial rule of roman empire ended. As of India, it is hard to divide Indian history on the basis of development. Its enough for the discussion of the term  'medieval'. Lets move further towards understanding the empires during the medieval times.

During the starting of medieval period, small regional empires were ruling India except from the chalukyas which ruling until the rashtrakutas take their region.

RASHTRAKUTA DYNASTY

The empire was established when Dantidurga(ruler of elichipur clan who was a feudatory of Chalukyas) overthrow the chalukya king Kirtivaman. The early kings of this dynasty were influenced by Hinduism whereas the later kings were influenced by Jainism. This dynasty never get the time to settle down due to expansion and invasion by the palas and the paramaras. During this period, Kannada was given the same respect as Sanskrit. They mostly settled around the Maharashtra and Karnataka region.

PALA DYNASTY

When Shashank's kingdom fall, the Bengal was in a state of anarchy. Gopala(the first ruler of the dynasty) was elected as the ruler and he established the Pala dynasty. His son Dharmapala expanded his empire. He captured kannauj and a large portion of northern India. But soon, the Pratihara king annexed kannauj. Later, Dharmapala was succeeded by his son Devpala(most powerful Pala king). Soon after the death of Devpala, the empire started to decline. After annexation by weak rulers, the empire was overthrown. Ramapala was the last Pala king.

GURJARA-PRATIHARA DYNASTY

Under Nagabhatta II, it was the most powerful dynasty in the northern India. Under Mahendrapala I the empire reached the peak of its prosperity. During that time they were called the Maharajadhiraja of Aryavratta. Their last ruler Rajyapal was driven down from Kannauj by Mahmud of Ghazni.

CHOLA DYNASTY

This dynasty is one of the world's longest ruling dynasty as it started ruling from 3rd century BC and continued to rule up to 13th century AD. However, this dynasty controlled a large territory only between 9th century to 12th century. This empire expanded under Rajaraja Chola. To the south thee empire stretched till the Maldives. Chola were the first one to bring the whole south under one territory.

They declines due to the rise of Pandian empire.

PALLAVA DYNASTY

It is not clear whether who is the founder of Pallava dynasty. Mahendravarman I is considered to to be the greatest ruler of Pallava dynasty. Shore temple at mahabalipuram was constructed during the Pallava rule.

RAJPUT RULARS

CHANDELA DYNASTY

They were the feudatories of Gurjara Pratiharas.Nannuka was the founder of the Chandela dynasty. They ruled mostly at Bundelkhand area. The famous Khajuraho temple was built by Chandelas.

PARAMARA DYNASTY

Upendra is regarded as the founder of Paramara dynasty. Under king Bhoja, a new city named Bhojpur was established. They are also called the Pawar dynasty.

SOLANKI DYNASTY

They mostly ruled around the Gujarat region. During the reign of Bhima I, Mahmud Ghazni attacked the holy Somnath temple for the sake of money. For him, the Somnath temple may be just a building with precious gems, but for the hindus, it is the most sacred Shiva temple. I feel pity for the barbarian, who have disgraced Lord Shiva, just for a materialistic thing such as gems.  

GAHADAVALA DYNASTY

They ruled around the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar region. Their capital was Kannauj. According to Chandrabardai's texts, the Gahadavala king Jaichanda had supported Mohammad Ghori in the battle of Tarain but later, Ghori attacked the Gahadavalas and diminished them.

CHAUHAN DYNASTY

They are also known as Chahamanas of Shakambhari. They rules from 6th century to 12th century.

They were defeated in the second battle of Tarain. 

 MEDIEVAL INDIA(800AD - 1600AD)

The meaning of the term medieval means 'resembling or likened to the Middle Ages, especially in being cruel, uncivilized, or primitive'. Thus, the term medieval is no where appropriate to be used in context with the history of India. There was no of such 'sudden' development after the end of medieval period, but actually we where deteriorating years after years due to Britishers. It is for no surprise to me when I got to know that this classification was introduced by the Britishers, but I was astounded by the fact that many historians in India also use this term with no reluctance. Some historians(including our NCERT book) showed passive resistance towards this but continued to use the term in their textbooks. I have got no person who has actually came up with a term, which can  replace the term 'medieval' from our Indian history. There was no such thing that happened during the beginning of medieval India, the term medieval was actually justifying for the Europe where the imperial rule of roman empire ended. As of India, it is hard to divide Indian history on the basis of development. Its enough for the discussion of the term  'medieval'. Lets move further towards understanding the empires during the medieval times.

During the starting of medieval period, small regional empires were ruling India except from the chalukyas which ruling until the rashtrakutas take their region.

RASHTRAKUTA DYNASTY

The empire was established when Dantidurga(ruler of elichipur clan who was a feudatory of Chalukyas) overthrow the chalukya king Kirtivaman. The early kings of this dynasty were influenced by Hinduism whereas the later kings were influenced by Jainism. This dynasty never get the time to settle down due to expansion and invasion by the palas and the paramaras. During this period, Kannada was given the same respect as Sanskrit. They mostly settled around the Maharashtra and Karnataka region.

PALA DYNASTY

When Shashank's kingdom fall, the Bengal was in a state of anarchy. Gopala(the first ruler of the dynasty) was elected as the ruler and he established the Pala dynasty. His son Dharmapala expanded his empire. He captured kannauj and a large portion of northern India. But soon, the Pratihara king annexed kannauj. Later, Dharmapala was succeeded by his son Devpala(most powerful Pala king). Soon after the death of Devpala, the empire started to decline. After annexation by weak rulers, the empire was overthrown. Ramapala was the last Pala king.

GURJARA-PRATIHARA DYNASTY

Under Nagabhatta II, it was the most powerful dynasty in the northern India. Under Mahendrapala I the empire reached the peak of its prosperity. During that time they were called the Maharajadhiraja of Aryavratta. Their last ruler Rajyapal was driven down from Kannauj by Mahmud of Ghazni.

CHOLA DYNASTY

This dynasty is one of the world's longest ruling dynasty as it started ruling from 3rd century BC and continued to rule up to 13th century AD. However, this dynasty controlled a large territory only between 9th century to 12th century. This empire expanded under Rajaraja Chola. To the south thee empire stretched till the Maldives. Chola were the first one to bring the whole south under one territory.

They declines due to the rise of Pandian empire.

PALLAVA DYNASTY

It is not clear whether who is the founder of Pallava dynasty. Mahendravarman I is considered to to be the greatest ruler of Pallava dynasty. Shore temple at mahabalipuram was constructed during the Pallava rule.

RAJPUT RULARS

CHANDELA DYNASTY

They were the feudatories of Gurjara Pratiharas.Nannuka was the founder of the Chandela dynasty. They ruled mostly at Bundelkhand area. The famous Khajuraho temple was built by Chandelas.

PARAMARA DYNASTY

Upendra is regarded as the founder of Paramara dynasty. Under king Bhoja, a new city named Bhojpur was established. They are also called the Pawar dynasty.

SOLANKI DYNASTY

They mostly ruled around the Gujarat region. During the reign of Bhima I, Mahmud Ghazni attacked the holy Somnath temple for the sake of money. For him, the Somnath temple may be just a building with precious gems, but for the hindus, it is the most sacred Shiva temple. I feel pity for the barbarian, who have disgraced Lord Shiva, just for a materialistic thing such as gems.  

GAHADAVALA DYNASTY

They ruled around the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar region. Their capital was Kannauj. According to Chandrabardai's texts, the Gahadavala king Jaichanda had supported Mohammad Ghori in the battle of Tarain but later, Ghori attacked the Gahadavalas and diminished them.

CHAUHAN DYNASTY

They are also known as Chahamanas of Shakambhari. They rules from 6th century to 12th century.

They fought many battles with the regional dynasties. They defeated Mohammad Ghori, a barbarian who has came from Afghanistan to loot India and had taken most of the wealth to Afghanistan. Woefully, the barbarian won the second battle of Tarain.